AQUAREGIA’S HISTORY December 30, 2007
Posted by arun in chemistry, science, thoughts.Tags: chemistry, history, science
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While watching an episode of CSI the terms nitric acid and hydrochloric acid came as a part of the “investigation”. I was trying to recollect the name “aqua regia” which is a mixture of both these added in the volumetric ratio of 1:3, it dissolves Gold and Platinum. Of course I could not recollect the name and so I had to resort to my online enchiridion, Wikipedia where I came to know about the meticulous Hungarian scientist George de Hevesy, Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1943. I have pasted the content. I hope at least a few of you could appreciate it.
“When Germany invaded Denmark in World War II, the Hungarian chemist George de Hevesy dissolved the gold Nobel Prizes of Max von Laue and James Franck into aqua regia to prevent the Nazis from stealing them. He placed the resulting solution on a shelf in his laboratory at the Niels Bohr Institute. It was subsequently ignored by the Nazis who thought the jar-one of perhaps hundreds on the shelving-contained common chemicals. After the war, de Hevesy returned to find the solution undisturbed and precipitated the gold out of the acid. The gold was returned to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel Foundation presented new medals to Laue and Franck.”
Now this makes me wonder, how much of resources would we have saved if we hadn’t been generous ass(es) back then to let the surreptitious plan of the British put into action. Even now, we get back our own legend’s sword, the Tiger of Mysore, the Legend Tipu Sultan’s sword from London in auction for crores!! Unfortunately, amidst gold, we had enough Diamonds looted!!! Who knew how to dissolve it?? For all we know, in the next few years, some other honorable Indian’s langotti (olden day underwear), no disrespect implied, could be laid in some auction for millions!! It’s ironic how History is equally educative and preposterous. I hope not we go widdershins for our sake!!
MEN ARE FROM MARS … December 23, 2007
Posted by arun in humor.Tags: joke, mars, men, venus, women
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While I was adding a few gadgets to my blog page, I visited many other sites to look at their pages and possibly spot some interesting gadgets. My curiosity took over my initial objective when I took a momentary glance to the coveting headings in the blogs. I read through quite a lot; real good ones, covering various topics, but that is when I noticed some subtle differences in the context of men and women blog (topics of discussion, however I am not generalizing). It was only a handful; I am not establishing any statistic and my intensions are not to ridicule either class of people. But, it reminded me of a really interesting joke I read at Comedy Central sometime back, the content was about a hilarious happening that pertains to the innate differences between men and women. I have pasted it here. Do not look too deep into it. (I am not intending to judge anyone. It’s just for fun).
Today we will experiment with a new form called the tandem story. The process is simple. Each person will pair off with the person sitting to his other immediate right. One of you will then write the first paragraph of a short story. The partner will read the first paragraph and then add another paragraph to the story. The first person will then add a third paragraph, and so on back and forth. Remember to re-read what has been written each time in order to keep the story coherent. The story is over when both agree a conclusion has been reached. The following was actually turned in by two of my English students, Rebecca and Gary.
At first, Laurie couldn’t decide which kind of tea she wanted. The chamomile, which used to be her favorite for lazy evenings at home, now reminded her too much of Carl, who once said, in happier times, that he liked chamomile. But she felt she must now, at all costs, keep her mind off Carl. His possessiveness was suffocating, and if she thought about him too much her asthma started acting up again. So chamomile was out of the question.
Meanwhile, Advance Sergeant Carl Harris, leader of the attack squadron now in orbit over Skylon 4, had more important things to think about than the neuroses of an air-headed asthmatic bimbo named Laurie with whom he had spent one sweaty night over a year ago. “A.S. Harris to Geostation 17,” he said into his transgalactic communicator. “Polar orbit established. No sign of resistance so far…” But before he could sign off, a bluish particle beam flashed out of nowhere and blasted a hole through his ship’s cargo bay. The jolt from the direct hit sent him flying out of his seat and across the cockpit.
He bumped his head and died almost immediately, but not before he felt one last pang of regret for psychically brutalizing the one woman who had ever had feelings for him. Soon afterwards, Earth stopped its pointless hostilities towards the peaceful farmers of Skylon 4. “Congress Passes Law Permanently Abolishing War and Space Travel,” Laurie read in her newspaper one morning. The news simultaneously excited her and bored her. She stared out the window, dreaming of her youth; when the days had passed unhurriedly and carefree with no newspapers to read, no television to distract her from her sense of innocent wonder at all the beautiful things around her. “Why must one lose one’s innocence to become a woman?” she pondered wistfully.
Little did she know, but she had less than 10 seconds to live. Thousands of miles above the city, the Au’udrian mothership launched the first of its lithium fusion missiles. The dim-witted wimpy peaceniks that pushed the Unilateral Aerospace Disarmament Treaty through Congress had left Earth a defenseless target for the hostile alien empires that were determined to destroy the human race. Within two hours after the passage of the treaty the Au’udrian ships were on course for Earth, carrying enough firepower to pulverize the entire planet. With no one to stop them, they swiftly initiated their diabolical plan. The lithium fusion missile entered the atmosphere unimpeded. The President, in his top-secret mobile submarine headquarters on the ocean floor off the coast of Guam, felt the inconceivably massive explosion which vaporized Laurie and 85 million other Americans. The President slammed his fist on the conference table. “We can’t allow this! I’m going to veto that treaty! Let’s blow’em out of the sky!”
This is absurd. I refuse to continue this mockery of literature. My writing partner is a violent, chauvinistic, semi-literate adolescent.
Yeah? Well, you’re a self-centered tedious neurotic whose attempts at writing are the literary equivalent of Valium.
Asshole.
Bitch.”
A VACILLANT YET IRREFUTABLE DISCUSSION December 22, 2007
Posted by arun in Philosophy, life, personal, thoughts.Tags: God, humans, nature, Philosophy
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Couple days back, a friend of mine gave me a link to a talk by Richard Dawkins, a well known ethologist, evolutionary biologist and the author of the book “The God Delusion”. I found his talk extremely amusing, in particular the limpid style of argument. I consider myself to be a (relatively-ok) deipnosophist, at least an observation made by some from the heated discussions I have had so far. Over the multitude of discussions I have had, I have come to know it’s essential to have patience and open state of mind to other’s thoughts and arguments. I am not even remotely related to patience otherwise!
So, it was the day after seeing the video. Just as any other night, we had our dinner, which is usually followed by discussions on science, technology, philosophy, current events: name it!! More often than always, there would be a confrontation or conflict of opinion, turning into a heated discussion and finally concluding with a referral to our online enchiridion: Wikipedia!! That night, I was telling my friends about this talk and how interesting it was. Out of us three, one of them is an atheist (Ranjan), the other has faith in God (Ashutosh) and I don’t have a straight answer to the question and prefer to postpone it for later. For argument sake, I could favor either of them with equal ease.
Richard Dawkins gave a wonderful definition of “atheism”. A Scientist seeks “evidence” – a signature of proof, before he could conclude any experiment or finding. I honestly don’t know the reason as to why they should be frowned upon. Around last Christmas, we had more or less the same discussion. When we asked Ashutosh as to why or how he believes in the existence of God, he answered
I can feel. It’s a feeling. I can’t help it if you have not felt it yet.
As much as it seems to me as a dysfunctional ideology of explaining, I could not help but wondering if it’s what it is. Now in the last discussion, when we asked Ranjan regarding his opinion, he replied
I am an atheist. I really have not had even a single convincing explanation regarding the existence of God. I have asked many people. They either could not answer or it was never even close to convincing.
Now, this seemed totally reasonable to me too. I would say, “This is how he FEELS”. My father has unshaken faith in God too!! When I had an argument with my mom regarding this long back, her argument was something like this.
Tell me one thing that man has CREATED
that cannot be destroyed. If WE cannot do it, it’s pretty obvious to conclude that there is something more powerful than us.
I could not retaliate. I asked the same question to Ranjan. To gist it, he explained the technology where Man has implemented cloning, created mutants of bacteria (which will continue to increase in population – relatively non-destroyable). Even though it can be discredited owing to the difference between creation and invention, this made me think “Are we playing God?”
Because, Nature has thrived without us for millions of years and evolution theory claims we have been here only for about 100,000 years. So, how can we explain our extraordinary indulgence in trying to “save Nature”, say, by trying to protect the to-be-extinct species? I read in Scientific American that the animals which are expected to be extinct in the next 10 years include Camel and Crocodiles (amidst a few others). Is it really our job to preserve them? Are we underestimating Nature? Would the outcome be debilitating? Does Science really help oneself in understanding his purpose, limitations and boundaries, for we already have done passel of damages to the environment?!!
Only more questions arise. This particular topic has numerous ramifications that are intertwined. It is therefore highly impossible to stick to one particular aspect. I hope not I have swayed too much to make it appeal as a “rambling” literally! I would like to write on “Are we playing God?” in a pellucid way sooner.
because now i am confused.
HELIUM, TIMBRE & DONALD DUCKS December 19, 2007
Posted by arun in physics, science, technology.Tags: helium, physics, science, voice
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So, how are these terms associated with one another? The gist is that inhaling Helium makes one sound like a Donald Duck. How? It is a well known fact that sound requires a medium to travel. Under normal circumstances, the composition of air in the larynx is in normal proportions and when the vocal cord starts to vibrate, the skin compresses accordingly creating sound waves. The frequency depends on the number of compressions. However, when one injects helium, which is about 1/7th of the density of nitrogen, creates a difference in the density, changing the composition of air in one’s larynx. Because the frequency of vibration of vocal cords is independent of the medium, and pitch of a tone depends on frequency, there is no change in the pitch of the voice. However, the velocity of sound waves changes because of the difference in the medium and affects the timbre of the tone. This results in the speech or voice sounding more like a Donald Duck!!
EMBARK UPON THE BLUE RAY & HD DVDs December 16, 2007
Posted by arun in entertainment, physics, science, technology.Tags: computers, physics, technology
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I have always had a particular jones towards technology, which has aggrandized since my dad bought my first computer with 166 MHz Intel processor and 32 MB RAM configuration. In fact, it has even influenced to a great extent in pursuing my under graduation studies too. I could not help but get fascinated by these next generation optical drives and whet my appetite to contribute significantly. Here is a piece of information to the likewise ardent admirers of technology!!
Physics and Technology: Blue ray acquires its name from the blue-violet laser technology, although HD DVDs also use the low wavelength blue lasers. How does this really make a difference increasing the storage size by about 4 to 6 fold? A Blue-ray disc has around 25GB of storage capacity where as HD DVDs have about 15 GB, on comparison to a 4.7 GB DVD disc. Understanding HOW requires, if not comprehensive, a glancing purview of how optical drives typically work. In optical drives, the digital information is usually encoded in the pattern of pits of varying lengths. The laser beam in the drive is excited on to these information layers and a photo diode collects the reflected light (the pits reflect less light than the adjacent layers). However, it is imperative to agnize that the lens (focusing the laser beam) produces a finite diameter owing to diffraction. So, the pits must be separated by the distance demanded by the diffraction of the light wavelength in order for the data reading to be efficient. This ultimately decides the size of the optical storage disc. By using shorter wavelengths, the spot size for reading pits can be reduced which results in many pits at relatively small distances separating each other, hence the tremendous increase in the size!! To quantify, the pit length has decreased in CD, DVD, HD DVD and blue-ray as 0.8, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.15 micrometers. To physics fanatics, refer 1 and 2.
Does this really make a difference? There is of course increase in the resolution obtained, however, not as high as the resolution obtained as in the case of say, a video-tape to DVD era. Before clambering up the bandwagon, it is essential to know, the technology of the drives demand equal display resolutions from TV or computer displays to bring the best out of it. The maximum resolution of the best displays is about 1080p (progressive scan) > 1080i (interlaced). Blue-ray players typically demand a 1080p resolution whereas HDTV (TV shows) are broadcast at 1080i or 720p. So, watching them on a 1080p TV makes no difference!
It is surprising as to how much increase in the storage capacity can be obtained from basic physics learnt at the level of high-school, Huygens’ wave theory (to those who were taught properly!! I owe it to Mahalakshmi teacher
).
The BEE & the BEE-TALE
December 10, 2007
Posted by arun in biology, random, science.
Tags: biology, science
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Bee hives are highly impervious to intrusions. We are of course the masters of destruction and could easily damage them; however, we are also aware of the withering effects which are almost immediate and catastrophic. For the sake of amusement, some of you might remember the cartoon “The Popeye show”, where in one particular episode, the bees infuriated by Popeye’s accidental damage to the hive start chasing him. Tired of running and perspiring excessively, he hides behind a bush, when the bees tween into the shape of scissors and trims the bush to his body outline, puncturing him.
Now that being said, I came across this extremely interesting piece of information that even honey-bees are vulnerable to hackers!! The hive beetle Aethina tumida surpasses the tight security detail infesting the hives and killing the bees. How they execute this invasion remained obscure until now. A research group at Kenya seems to have cleared the obfuscations involved with perspicuous explanations from their scientific conclusions. Bees are known to communicate using pheromones. These hive beetles seem to exploit this and alarm the pheromones against themselves. The beetles are highly sensitive to Isopentyl acetate which is a marker of the stress levels of bees supposedly. And fortunate enough for these cranky little bastards, they are able to produce this same alarm chemical from a strain of yeast they carry, allowing them to execute their veneficial attacks. This makes the bees highly disoriented, turning against themselves, while more beetles start arriving for a hefty dinner…